![]() This service will allow you to search for putative ESRs (exonic splicing regulatory elements) in your sequence |
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Abstract: Exonic-splicing regulatory (ESR) sequences are trans-acting factor binding sites that regulate constitutive
and alternative splicing. on the combination of two features: (i) the evolutionary conservation of wobble
positions between human and mouse orthologous exons (the wobble positions are almost free of coding
constraints); and (ii) the analysis of the overabundance of sequence motifs, compared with their random
expectation, given by their codon relative frequency. This method resulted in 285 significant ESR motifs.
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Background: Splicing is the removal of introns and the joining of exons from mRNA precursors.
The splicing reaction is catalyzed by the spliceosome - a complex which contains five snRNPs and at least 150 additional proteins.
Four splice signals are known to be essential for accurate splicing: the 5' splice site (5'ss), the 3' splice site (3'ss),
the polypyrimidine tract and the branch site sequence.
These four splice signals alone cannot execute the splicing process correctly and it has been estimated
that these splicing signals provide about one half of the information required for the recognition by the splicing machinery.
This is exemplified by sequences containing motifs which agree with the consensus splice signals and yet are not being
recognized by the splicing machinery. Thus, in addition to the information in the splice signals, cis-acting regulatory sequences
in the pre-mRNA were shown to influencing splice sites choice by means of binding trans acting factors.
These motifs are classified as exonic splicing enhancers (ESE) and silences (ESS).
Alternative splicing is a process where more than one mRNA is produced from the same primary transcript or precursor messenger RNA
by using different 5'ss and/or 3'ss, giving rise to functionally different proteins.
ESEs and ESSs are required for the regulation of both constitutive and alternative splicing.
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